TROUT
A
10 cm rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) swimming in 45cm/s
flow.
A
10 cm rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Karman gaiting behind
a 5 cm diameter D-section cylinder placed in 45cm/s flow.
Velocity
vector plot (black arrows) superimposed on a color coded vorticity plot
(blue = clockwise circulation, red = counter-clockwise circulation) showing
the outline and midline of a trout slaloming between vortex centers while
Karman gaiting.
A
10 cm rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alternatively using its pectoral
fins to Karman gait behind a 5 cm diameter D-section cylinder.
Ventral view of four rainbow trout simultaneously Karman gaiting behind a 5 cm diameter D-cylinder.
Euthanized
trout towed behind a cylinder. A line marking the region of the suction
zone, defined as two diameters downstream of the cylinder, is drawn for
reference. At times, the intrinsic compliance of the musculoskeletal system
causes the body to synchronize with the shedding cylinder vortices such
that the body produces thrust passively and moves upstream. Once inside
the suction region, the body is drawn forward until the head hits the cylinder.
Simultaneous lateral and ventral view of a euthanized trout
towed behind a cylinder. Note how similar the undulating motions of the
body are at times to a live fish Karman gaiting. The ventral view is provided
by positioning a 45º mirror under the flow tank.
OTHER SPECIES
Ventral view of a largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Karman gaiting behind a 5 cm diameter D-cylinder.
A bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) entering
a vortex street from downstream. At a certain point in the vortex street,
the fish switches gait from powered undulatory swimming to the Karman gait.
A 15 cm American eel (Anguilla rostrata) swimming
behind a cylinder with a wake wavelength of 20 cm.
FIELD
Karman
gaiting wild brown trout (Salmo trutta)
behind a rock.
Brown
trout (Salmo trutta) and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris)
navigating turbulent white water.
ZEBRAFISH
A five day post-fertilization larval zebrafish (Danio
rerio) swimming through dye.
Three-dimensional confocal image of a commisural local interneuron involved in escape
behaviors.
A glycinergic, commissural, longitudinal ascending interneuron
(CoLA) filled with rhodamine patch solution after a successful whole-cell
recording. As the movie plays, the camera is focusing deeper into the spinal
cord, revealing the soma, dendrites and ascending axon. Head is to the
left.
LATERAL LINE
A
water jet from a syringe directed as a swimming trout in the dark elicits
an escape response. This movie was taken with an IR-sensitive camera.
A zebrafish (Danio rerio) neuromast and its hair cells
in profile being deflected by a water jet generated by a picospritzer.
The posterior lateral line ganglion of a transgenic line of
zebrafish (HUC-GFP) revealing several GFP labeled bipolar afferent neurons
and their axons exiting the ganglion to the body and hindbrain.